Diabetes Mellitus Genetic and multifactorial disease biology essay
Diabetic kidney disease DKD has become the leading cause of end-stage renal disease ESRD, and the prevalence of DKD has increased worldwide in recent years. DKD is associated with poor therapeutic outcomes in most patients, but there is limited understanding of its pathogenesis. This review suggests that oxidative stress, Definition. A complex disease or condition, when discussed in the context of genetics, reflects a condition that results from the contributions of multiple genomic variants and genes in combination with significant influences from the physical and social environment. For this reason, complex diseases are also called multifactorial diseases. When considering the role of genetics in elucidating disease mechanisms, a conceptual model proposed for cancer biology may be useful for diabetes biology. A seminal cancer biology article by Hanahan and Weinberg, describing the key deregulated pathways underlying cancer development, provides a framework to deconstruct: Obesity is the excessive or abnormal accumulation of fat or adipose tissue in the body that compromises health harms through its association with the risk of cancer development. diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. It is a significant public health epidemic that has gradually worsened over the years. Obesity is a summary. Diabetes mellitus is a common multifactorial genetic syndrome, which is determined by several genes and environmental factors. It now affects millions of people worldwide, but its incidence is rapidly increasing due to secondary factors such as obesity, high blood pressure and lack of physical activity. Diabetes is an organ-specific autoimmune disease in which pancreatic beta cells are the target organ. of the autoimmune attack. Diabetes is a multifactorial disease caused by a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors, the former consisting of multiple susceptibility genes. Definition. A complex disease or condition, when discussed in the context of genetics, reflects a condition that results from the contributions of multiple genomic variants and genes in combination with significant influences from the physical and social environment. For this reason, complex diseases are also called multifactorial diseases. The disease state can serve as an ill-defined phenotype for genetic analysis because the distinction between health and disease, which involves a multitude of underlying pathophysiological activities, is often ignored. This can make the predictability of the disease by the underlying genes weak, resulting in unrealistic sample size requirements. Resume. diabetes mellitus T2DM is a complex disease in which both genetic and environmental factors interact to determine impaired β-cell insulin secretion and peripheral insulin resistance. Insulin resistance in muscle, liver and fat is a prominent feature of most patients with T2DM and obesity, resulting in a reduced 2.2. Candidate gene studies and linkage analyses. In s, diabetes was believed to be a polygenic disorder. young individuals with diabetes were found to have autosomal dominant inheritance, and in s the first MODY diabetes with maturation of the young genes was identified12,13,14. However, there are common genetic variants in diabetes and associated complications. Only four SNPs rs5186, rs1800629, rs1799983 and rs1800795 were found to be associated with diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The inherent etiological complexity of,