Pharmacokinetics and Drug Interactions Biology Essay
Automated interaction analysis systems are a solution that has the potential to increase the recognition of drug interactions. In addition to the automation of healthcare systems, various forms of specific programs are available around the world: online tools, applications for mobile devices, software modules or even as part of a medical program. Because many pharmacokinetic interactions between drugs depend on the concentrations of the interacting species, the degree of interaction must be a gradual phenomenon, varying with the concentration of the drug and/or metabolites and thus drug administration and time. Therefore, one should be able to develop predictive kinetic models, Introduction. Polypharmacy is a common medical condition among the elderly around the world. Although a co-prescribed drug threshold is often used to define polypharmacy, there is no consensus on its definition. A simple definition that is often used is 'administering more medicine than necessary. Drug interactions DDIs can lead to adverse effects and possibly result in drug withdrawal from the market. Predicting DDIs during drug development would help reduce development costs and time through rigorous evaluation of drug candidates. The primary mechanisms of DDIs are based on PK pharmacokinetics, and drug–drug interactions are the most common and lead to side effects. These can be divided into categories that affect pharmacokinetics, what the body does to the drug, or pharmacodynamics, what the drug does to the body. This contribution focuses on the pharmacokinetic aspects of drug-drug and drug-disease, Abstract. Medicines may interact with other medicines or with a diet or nutritional supplement taken at the same time. Interactions can be pharmacodynamic, where the interaction is close to the target organ and involves direct antagonism or addition of pharmacological properties. Alternatively, the interaction may be pharmacokinetic, where the antihypertensive drug felodipine is a calcium channel blocker of the dihydropyridine type, and its pharmacodynamic effect directly correlates with plasma concentration. As a sensitive substrate of the cytochrome P450 CYP 3A high first-pass metabolism, felodipine exhibits low oral bioavailability and is drug-drug sensitive. Natural compounds such as herbal medicines and/or phytocompounds from foods have often been used to exert synergistic therapeutic effects. effects with drugs against brain disorders, complement the effects of nutrients and strengthen the immune system. However, simultaneous administration of natural compounds with the drugs can cause synergistic effects,