The Impact of Clostridium Difficile-associated Diarrhea Essay
Abstract. Research and innovation surrounding Clostridium difficile infection CDI has been a multidisciplinary endeavor since the organism's discovery. The field of gastroenterology has contributed to our understanding of CDI as a disease caused by disruptions in the gut microbiome and led to advances in the therapeutic manipulation of Clostridioides difficile infection. CDI is the leading cause of antibiotic- and healthcare-associated infectious diarrhea in the United States. States 1,2. The clinical presentation varies from. An increase in antibiotic use has resulted in a marked increase in antibiotic-associated diarrhea, AAD and Clostridium difficile infection CDI. spectrum of adverse outcomes is associated with CDI, including diarrhea, electrolyte abnormalities, sepsis and septic shock, toxic megacolon requiring colectomy, admission, context, and policy issues. When patients are treated with antibiotics for any reason, they are prone to unexplained diarrhea. Associated diarrheal AAD is thought to result from disturbances in the microbiota and mucosal integrity of the gastrointestinal tract. In addition to antibiotic use, AAD is also associated with: Antibiotics disrupt normal intestinal flora and sometimes cause antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). Clostridium difficile Hall and O, Pr are the most common cause. C. difficile infections, also known as C. difficile-associated diarrhea, are the most common signs of clinical infection and can range from mild diarrhea to fulminant colitis. 4 C. difficile is often associated with the use of antibiotics. C. difficile was once thought to be primarily a nosocomial disease, but community acquired. During the study period, participating hospitals reported an average of bed days in country 6 for C difficile infection and an average, in country 7, Clostridium difficile is a spore-forming Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium. It was identified as the cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea AAD and colitis in the 1990s and is currently responsible for ~15–25 of all episodes of AAD and for virtually all cases of antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis PMC, 4, 5. Clostridioides difficile-associated disease usually presents with diarrhea, abdominal pain and leukocytosis, and a history of recent antibiotic use. Other common symptoms include fever, abdominal tenderness, and abdominal distension. Testing should be limited to patients with unexplained early diarrhea or more unformed stools. Most research studies are concentrated in high-income countries in North America, Europe, Asia and Australia, where C. difficile is the leading cause of diarrhea. associated with. Clostridioides difficile is a gram-negative, anaerobic, spore-forming and toxin-producing bacillus. 1 Infections with C. difficile CDI include symptoms ranging from mild diarrhea to severe cases of pseudomembranous colitis. 2 CDI is a commonly reported healthcare-associated infection in the US, cases and. Clostridioides difficile is an anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium and a leading cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea in the United States. There were initially a number of CDI-associated deaths with C. difficile infection. to efforts to reduce healthcare-associated infections and the incidence of CDI,