Role of the antigen presenting cell biology
Antigen-presenting cells are cells that connect innate and adaptive immunity. They are part of the innate immune system because they non-specifically detect and kill pathogens. But their. The increasingly recognized antigen-presenting function of granulocytes has led to the suggestion that they should be called atypical antigen-presenting cells APCs. In this review we will focus on the three major granulocyte subgroups, neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils, and summarize the current knowledge. about their, ~ Frontiers in immunology. 3389 fimmu.2023.1233908. 4. Part of the largest and most cited immunology journal, investigating every aspect of APCs of antigen-presenting cells, their role in disease, and the prospects for cellular immunotherapy. Resume. Dendritic cells are the most efficient antigen-presenting cells. They take up antigens and pathogens, generate MHC-peptide complexes and migrate from the sites of antigen acquisition. 1. Professional antigen-presenting cells. Professional APCs specialize in antigen presentation to T cells. Internalizing antigens by phagocytosis, for example macrophages or receptor-mediated endocytosis of B cells, digesting the antigen into peptide fragments and then displaying those peptides attached to a class II MHC. The immune response to infection depends centrally on the T lymphocytes of the immune system, and the detection of infection by T lymphocytes in turn depends on the presentation of antigen to the T cells by molecules encoded in the major histocompatibility complex MHC. The biological function of these molecules is to bind proteolytic, antigen-presenting cells. APCs play a crucial role in the immune response by processing antigens and presenting them to T cells. The main types of APCs are dendritic cells, macrophages and B lymphocytes. They process exogenous antigens by engulfing them, breaking them down in lysosomes and presenting the antigen. However, the effect of T cell priming also depends on the overall antigen load when antigen density is low, T cells are activated and an effector response occurs. is initiated, while when the antigen load is high, T cell priming results in T cell anergy and exhaustion due to the large surface expression of programmed cell death. The mechanisms of antigen processing and presentation play a crucial role in the recognition and targeting of cancer cells by the immune system. Cancer cells can evade the immune system by downregulating or losing expression of the proteins recognized by immune cells as antigens, creating an immunosuppressive effect. The other, BTNL on intestinal epithelial cells, explains another aspect of peripheral tolerance via its interaction with Treg. cells C: the induction and maintenance of pT reg cell populations in the intestines by microbial and self-antigens. pTreg cells appear to have and presumably function TCR specificities distinct from tTregs,