Isolation and characterization of microcystin biology essay
The pH of the water associated with toxic cyanobacteria blooms is typically in the alkaline range, but previously only microcystin-degrading bacteria growing in neutral pH conditions have been isolated. We therefore sought to isolate and characterize an alkali-tolerant microcystin-degrading bacterium from a water bloom. A new bacterium capable of degrading two microcystin analogues, microcystin-LR and -LA, MCLR and MCLA, was isolated from a biological sand filter that had previously been shown to be effective. The work is divided according to the different steps involved in the ethnopharmacological approach, extraction, sample preparation, biological screening, etc., discussing the analytical techniques used for the isolation and identification of compounds responsible for the biological activity that is claimed in traditional use. Adda was isolated from microcystin-LR by microbial degradation using an isolated Sphingomonas strain, B-9. The reaction of microcystin-LR with cell extract of this strain proceeded. The biological treatment approach, which usually requires little to no maintenance, has proven to be environmentally friendly. Phujomjai Y. Somdee T. Isolation and characterization of microcystin-degrading bacterium. J. Life Sciences. Technology 2013 1:220-222. doi: 10.12720 jolst.1.4.220-222.Microcystins MCs are cyclic peptides produced by cyanobacteria, which can be harmful to humans and animals if ingested. Differences in the coding of the non-ribosomal peptide synthetase-polyketide synthase enzyme complex responsible for microcystin production have resulted in more microcystin variants: the genus Pseudomonas was identified using DNA techniques. Results: Although several bacterial strains were isolated from the samples, only one, DMXS, was able to grow on D-Leu 1, microcystin-LR. The increasing prevalence of cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms and the toxins they produce is a global water quality issue. problem. In the western basin of Lake Erie, high microcystin concentrations have led to water quality advisories, process adjustments for drinking water treatment and increased water quality monitoring. Biodegradation is a, 2. Microcystins. The microcystins are perhaps the most abundant cyanotoxins in the natural environment and are responsible for maximum dry weight, in terms of cyanobacterial mass. Microcystin production is stimulated by important environmental factors such as light intensity, pH, temperature, trace metals and the ratio of alkalis. tolerance and the mechanism of microcystin MC degradation were investigated in the MC-degrading bacterial species, Sphingopyxis sp. C-1, to better understand the increased MC degradation under the alkaline conditions encountered during the disappearance of water blooms. MC-degrading bacteria harbor mlrA, mlrB, and mlrC. Enzymes encoded by genes that can help microcystins biodegrade MCs reveal the function of genes and the biodegradation pathway of MCs. Here, the first and important gene USTB-05-A, 1, involved in the biodegradation of microcystin-RR MC-RR, was cloned from Sphingopyxis sp. USTB - first expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 DE3. The authors thank the Head of Department of Biological Sciences, RD University, Jabalpur, for providing laboratory facilities. Isolation and characterization of microcystin-producing Microcystis from an aquatic bloom in central India. Harmful Algae, 8 2009, pp. 674-684. A bacterial strain EMS with the ability to degrade microcystins MCs was isolated from,