Development and consequences of atheromatous plaques Biology essay
Furthermore, as a proof of concept in modeling nutritional influences in atherogenesis, we measured the effect of a potentially anti-atherogenic polyphenol extract on the reported pathways. Our results support a previously unknown role for taurocholic acid as a potential plasma biomarker for early atheromatous plaque formation. Only in the later stages of atheromatous plaque evolution does progressive luminal obstruction develop and ultimately a physiologically significant reduction in blood flow and oxygen. delivery. Within the plaque, cellular necrosis promotes increased inflammation, which accelerates atherogenesis and destabilizes plaques. 146, Overview of the major coronary arteries and cardiac veins. Atherosclerosis is the thickening and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls due to the invasion and accumulation of white blood cells and the proliferation of smooth muscle cells in the intima that create a fibrofatty plaque. Atherosclerosis, also called arteriosclerotic vascular disease, is. This review aims to investigate the pathophysiology underlying the development of atherosclerotic plaques and the clinical consequences of plaque rupture in the coronary arteries. With a more detailed understanding of the biology of the atherosclerotic plaque, it is hoped that treatment strategies for the acute coronary syndromes will also achieve this. Other common features include extensive remodeling, large plaque size, 30 gt of plaque area, plaque hemorrhage, neovascularization, adventitial inflammation. and 'spotty' calcifications. Vulnerable plaques contain monocytes, macrophages and T cells. T cells promote plaque fragility through their effects on macrophages. Background: Antiretroviral therapy has allowed a marked improvement in prognosis for HIV patients, but metabolic problems, such as dyslipidemia, persist. This can lead to the development of atheromatous plaques. Our study aims to evaluate whether HIV-positive HIV patients exhibit higher myointimal media thickness IMT and whether advanced technologies, including nanotechnology or vascular tissue engineering, may provide promising solutions for CVD. Furthermore, advances in the understanding of the biological processes underlying atherosclerosis may lead to significant improvements in the treatment of cardiovascular disease and even the development of: The first is related to the PCI procedure and takes place in the controlled setting of a catheter laboratory, while the latter often occurs as an out-of-hospital emergency and is characterized by spontaneous rupture of coronary plaques and thrombosis and an associated systemic inflammatory response. Branch occlusion is taken into account. The echogenicity of deep plaques was greater in smokers than in nonsmokers. P lt 05. The reproducibility of methods were comparable. Conclusions. The layer method was more effective than the median gray level method for identifying the effect of age, gender and smoking status on the echogenicity of atheromatous plaques. Keywords: Furthermore, plaque rupture and subsequent healing are recognized as a major cause of further rapid plaque progression. This review examines the mechanisms underlying the development and progression of atherosclerotic plaques, factors leading to plaque rupture and subsequent thrombosis, and their clinical consequences. Therefore, understanding the role of these molecules may be of great importance in understanding the pathogenesis of atheromatous plaques. It.