Objections Concerning Justice and Supererogation Philosophy Essay
Supererogation is the technical term for the class of actions that go "beyond the call of duty." Roughly speaking, supererogatory acts are morally good even if they are not strictly necessary. Although mainstream discourse in most cultures permits such acts and often places special value on them, ethical theories have rarely discussed them. Works of supererogation, understood as meritorious duties, were a central part of the Catholic institution of indulgences. JO Urmson's essay 'Saints and Heroes' is considered the most important contemporary contribution to the topic of supererogation within ethical theory. This collection of essays by one of America's leading philosophers of jurisprudence and moral philosophy collects fourteen articles published in widely distributed and not easily accessible sources. All essays are about the political ideals of freedom and justice or about difficult cases for the application of justice. The idea of justice is central, both in ethics and in legal and political philosophy. We apply it to individual actions, to laws, and to public policies, and in each case we think that if they are unjust, this is a strong, perhaps even decisive, reason to reject them. Classically, justice was counted as one of the four. The purpose of this essay was twofold: first, to demonstrate by way of example that egoism is not taken seriously as a normative ethical theory, and second, to demonstrate by way of argument that egoism deserves to be taken seriously as a normative ethical theory. normative ethical theory. This chapter examines the place of agent-oriented duties in African philosophy. To do this, I examine influential moral theories in the literature, namely: Kwasi Wiredu's 'sympathetic impartiality', Kwame Gyekye's 'moderate communitarianism' and Thad Metz's friendship principle. This chapter ultimately shows that. This volume includes a collection of ten essays by Allen Buchanan, and in some cases by Buchanan and co-authors, on various topics under the general rubric of justice and health care. The essays were originally published over a period of approximately twenty-four years in various publishing outlets, including edited books and magazines in,