Physiology of the skin and routes of drug penetration Biology essay
Cutaneous microvasculature is considered a secondary skin barrier. This acts as a dissipator of molecules that diffuse through the primary skin barrier, ensuring maximum diffusion into the capillaries, which negatively affects the transdermal delivery of drugs and other chemical compounds 56. Thus, the permeability of drugs through the essential oils and their volatile components can penetrate the skin and improve the penetration of various drugs from the topical formulation into the lower skin layers using different mechanisms of action based on 1 disintegration of the highly ordered intercellular lipid structure between corneocytes in the stratum corneum, 2. The purpose The article aims to provide an overview of various systems for vaginal delivery of drugs currently in the development phase or available on the market, immunization through the vagina and special emphasis on the challenges and difficulties associated with systemic administration of drugs via the vaginal route. 2. Anatomy and physiology of the. A biological essay is a technical assignment that requires careful selection, structure, and writing of the topic. So if your teacher hasn't given you a title for the essay, you should proceed carefully when choosing topics. In this post, we share a list of biology-related ideas that you may find useful and equally interesting. Drug distribution within solid tumors is an often neglected area of research in the field of chemotherapeutic resistance. This Review summarizes the evidence that many chemotherapeutic drugs do not fully do so. The ideal drug delivery system has bioavailability comparable to parenteral dosage forms, but is as convenient and easy for the patient to use as oral solid dosage forms. In recent years, although drugs are needed in different skin compartments, such as the viable epidermis, dermis, or hair follicles, to efficiently treat skin diseases, drug delivery into and through the skin is still a challenge. A better understanding of the physiology of the skin barrier is necessary to optimize drug penetration and permeation. Skin microvasculature is considered a secondary skin barrier. This acts as a dissipator of molecules that diffuse through the primary skin barrier, ensuring maximum diffusion into the capillaries, which negatively affects the transdermal delivery of drugs and other chemical compounds 56. Thus, the permeability of drugs through the topical drug delivery provides specific advantages over other routes of administration for local action, but the barrier nature of the skin is a major obstacle for many drugs administered in and. The process is divided into three steps: penetration, the penetration of a substance into a specific layer of the skin, permeation, the penetration through one layer into the other, and finally resorption, the absorption into the vascular system 3, 4. The skin consists consists of different layers that differ in composition and structure. Fig. 1. Summary Skin penetration enhancers reversibly reduce stratum corneum barrier resistance and facilitate drug penetration into viable tissues and systemic circulation. Routes of drug penetration through the skin. Several studies have been conducted to determine the route of penetration of topical compounds through the skin. The permeability of drugs to the skin essentially requires that the.