Street Gangs in the US and Gangs in Britain Criminology Essay
In the twentieth century, the criminological image of gangs became firmly established. In the seminal work of Frederic Thrasher, for example, gangs emerged as an informal community structure within strictly defined urban areas, a “mosaic of small worlds that touch but do not interpellate” p. 6. They were approached as a localized introduction. Over the past decade, academic research on street gangs in Britain has expanded, from origins and prevalence to detailed policy criticism. Densley, 2011 Hallsworth, 2013 Joseph amp Gunter, 2011 Pitts, 2008, 2017. Despite this, empirical research into the Police response in Britain remains surprisingly scarce. Let's look at some of the observations made in this chapter. First, gangs are integrated into American society because they meet the functional needs inherent in them. This starts with the economy, where the gang fills a niche for the lower class to pursue material and status rewards within the broader society. Gordon. Criminal business organizations, street gangs and wanna-be groups: a Vancouver perspective. Canadian Journal of Criminology -60 Howell. Youth gang programs and strategies: Summary. Washington DC: US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and, 16. For discussions, see Richard Ball and G. David Curry, 'The Logic of Definition in Criminology: Purposes and Methods for Defining “ Gangs ”' , 1995: 225-45 Ruth Horowitz, 'Sociological Perspectives on Gangs: Conflicting Definitions and Concepts', in Gangs in America, ed. Ronald Huff Newbury Park, CA: Sage, This article introduces the special issue on British gangs and youth violence. Written on the occasion of the. launch of the National Center for Gang Research at the University of West London, this. Over the course of the century, street gangs were common in Britain, but little was known about them due to the lack of coherent research at the time. Over the century, church and court documents have identified the presence of youth street gangs in England, Germany, France and Switzerland. Gillis, 1974, Klein, 1995, Sheldon et al. 1997. The history of gangs is intertwined with migration. In America, a number of classic studies have reported on the possible causal relationship between immigration, socio-economic position, social disorganization and gang formation. More recently, the impact of migration on gangs in Europe reflects a complex mix of factors, which includes cultural social learning theory, which has recently gained significant empirical traction in the gang literature and posits that intergenerational gang membership does indeed have something to do with location or social structure, but it also owes much to differential social organization and learning from crime, elements indistinguishable from Rappers and the street code, The British Journal of Criminology, 58, 1343 - 1360. Van Hellemont, E .2012 Gangland online: running the real imaginary world of gangstas