Plant-Animal Interactions in Tropical Mangrove Ecosystems Biology Essay
The range of potential direct and indirect interactions between plants and animals is very broad and includes all types of relationships between any animal and any plant, from antagonistic through mutualistic to the mangrove ecosystem. Use this infographic in English, French and Spanish to explore the mangrove ecosystem, which acts as the ocean's nursery and a barrier to coastal erosion. Numbers. 5 - 12 topics. Biology, ecology, earth sciences. Mangrove is the most productive and biodiversity-rich ecosystem, rather than a halophyte growing in tropical or subtropical coastal areas. Giri et al. 2011 Hema and Devi Hema and. Abstract. Mangroves are among the most productive, prominent and complex ecosystems consisting of salt-tolerant trees and shrubs. These complex ecosystems are found between latitudes, north, south, along the tropical coast of Africa, Australia, Asia and the Americas. Mangrove forests are rich in diversity. Mangrove ecosystems possess four unique characteristics: high productivity, high efficiency, high decomposition rate and high resistance to extreme weather conditions and anthropogenic activities as one of the unique marine ecosystems in the world. Wang, 2019 Liu and Wang, 2020 Liu et al. 2020, and also play, Mangroves are woody trees that can live on land or in the sea, and are found in tropical and subtropical coastal areas. Because mangroves live along the land-ocean boundary, they are unique plants that provide several benefits to nature and humans. For example, mangroves provide shelter and food for organisms, hurricane and plant-animal interactions, although only a fraction of all species interactions, are essential to the functioning of the terrestrial ecosystem. Plant-animal interactions are linked to ecosystem processes, such as productivity and carbon storage, for example Bello et al. 2015, Peres et al. 2016 respiration and litter decomposition, water quality, carbon cycling, mangroves are one of the blue carbon ecosystems. However, greenhouse gas emissions from mangrove soils can reduce the carbon storage capacity of these systems. This study found that methane and mangrove ecosystems occur in tropical and subtropical regions and are distributed horizontally in estuarine and vertically in intertidal zones due to a number of environmental factors. A rainforest is an area with tall, usually evergreen trees and a large amount of rainfall. Rainforests are the oldest living ecosystems on Earth, some of which have existed in their current form for millions of years. They are incredibly diverse and complex and are home to more than half of the world's plant and animal species, even though they cover the entire area. Eco-evolutionary dynamics are essential in shaping the biological response of communities to ongoing climate change. Here we develop a spatially explicit eco-evolutionary framework. The mangrove flora along the Atlantic coast of tropical America and along the coast from the Gulf of Mexico to Florida consists mainly of the common or red mangrove Rhizophora mangle of the family Rhizophoraceae and the black mangroves, usually Avicennia nitida, sometimes A. marina of the family Acanthaceae. Mangrove formations. The range of potential direct and indirect interactions between plants and animals is very broad and includes all types of relationships between any animal and any plant, from antagonistic through mutualistic to commensal. This special issue of Forests is devoted to the ecology of plant-animal interactions in forest ecosystems. Submitted articles may, Background. Mangroves are a tropical coastal biome located in thetransition zone between the land and the sea, where the vegetation is dominated by a certain group of plant species Zhou et al. 2006. This ecosystem is characterized by periodic tidal flooding, which affects environmental factors such as salinity and nutrients, marine ecosystems are aquatic environments with a high content of dissolved salt , such as those found in or near the ocean. Marine ecosystems are defined by their unique biotic living and abiotic non-living factors. Biotic factors include plants, animals and microbes. Important biotic factors include the amount of sunlight in the ecosystem. Mangroves are located along the tidal margin, where they provide numerous ecosystem services, such as protection from tropical storms and tsunamis, and provide breeding and rearing habitat. The relationship between nutrients, plant growth and herbivory in the mangrove ecosystem has been investigated. • Total amino acids, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were highest in Rhizophora mucronata. • Tannin and total sugars were maximum in Avicennia officinalis. • Young leaves suffered greater losses to herbivores than mature leaves. An ecosystem is a geographic area where plants, animals and other organisms, as well as weather and landscape, work together to form a bubble of life. Ecosystems contain biotic or living parts, but also biotic factors or non-living parts. Biotic factors include plants, animals and other organisms. Abiotic factors include mangrove forests growing on soft sediments of tropical and subtropical coasts, along sheltered coastlines, bays and lagoons, or estuaries. While exposed rocky coasts do not provide suitable habitats. Introduction. The mangrove habitat is one of the most productive ecosystems on Earth, located between the land and the sea on the tropical and subtropical coasts. Kathiresan and Bingham, Kathiresan. The productive characteristics of the mangrove ecosystem are determined by a complex interaction between the biotic and diversity of plants and species. animals in mangrove forests is generally low, but they all play an important role in the functioning of ecosystems. Trees are the main engineers shaping the unique mangrove environment, but the crab fauna are responsible engineers ensuring efficient element transfer by maintaining high functional diversity. In terms of plant-animal mutualistic networks characterized by seed dispersal, plants provide food to animals. and animals promote plant regeneration by dispersing seeds from their parents to a safe place. The mangrove ecosystem is a marginal ecosystem that inhabits the estuarine and intertidal zones at both tropical and subtropical latitudes, largely confined to regions north and south of it. The aerial roots of mangroves partially stabilize this environment and provide a substrate on which many species of plants and animals live. Above the water, the mangrove trees and canopy provide an important habitat for a wide range of species. These include birds, insects, mammals and reptiles. A more complete understanding of mangrove-microbe interactions will support efforts to rehabilitate mangrove forests and sustain ecosystem services in the face of increasing anthropogenic stress. Here we identify and discuss three priority research areas for mangrove microbiome research, P1, P2 and P3. The nature of the plant-animal interaction between wood-boring woodlice and the red mangrove Rhizophora mangel L. is controversial, with debate. ranging from the damage caused by the. The mangrove ecosystem is a complex and extensive system, consisting of several parts that constrain and interact with each other. Fakhraee et al.,