Side effects and management of opioids essay
Nausea, vomiting, dizziness and sedation are among the most common reactions to the medications. Side effects can occur even if the medications are used as directed. Other short-term effects of opioids include: Although opioids can cause allergic reactions, life-threatening anaphylactic reactions to opioids are rare. INTRODUCTION. Although opioids are effective in controlling moderate to severe pain, drug-related side effects are the primary reason for discontinuing opioid treatment for many. 9 of patients Although gastrointestinal side effects are a common consequence of pain therapy, opioid-induced constipation OIC is the most important side effect of long-term use of opioids for pain management. It causes significant physical and psychological problems, including interference with daily activities, anxiety and depression, and may reduce compliance with the medication regimen Dhingra et al, 2012. Indications. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs NSAIDs are an FDA-approved class of drugs for use as antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic agents. 1 These effects make NSAIDs useful for the treatment of myalgia, dysmenorrhea, arthritic conditions, fever, gout, migraine, and are used as opioid-sparing agents in certain cases of acute trauma. The rates of discontinuation and non-adherence due to adverse events in long-term opioid prescribing have been shown to increase healthcare costs beyond the costs of managing the adverse events by transferring the additional costs to other parts of the healthcare system and the costs associated with switching. This case report discusses the concurrent development of myoclonus and hyperalgesia after low-dose opioids and explores potential treatment options. Keywords: pain perception, opioid. a systematic review of the treatment of central adverse events concluded that there was insufficient data for this at the time. ~ Opioid-induced constipation is caused by changes in the gastrointestinal tract that occur as a result of opioids. Opioid drugs affect the mu receptors in the gastrointestinal tract. The mu receptors control the contraction of the muscles in the gastrointestinal tract, known as intestinal motility. When these receptors are activated by an opioid drug. F entanyl can be addictive and is a drug that can be extremely dangerous when used illegally. When people take too much fentanyl, they can stop breathing, which can lead to death in some. Drug overdose deaths, mainly caused by illicit heroin and prescription opioids. Natural and synthetic opioids such as morphine, codeine, hydrocodone, oxycodone, fentanyl, and tramadol have contributed significantly to the recent increase in mortality among middle-aged white Americans and declining life expectancy. expectation,