Hierarchy Based Multi Path Routing Protocol Information Technology Essay
Clustering and routing processes can be treated as nondeterministic polynomial NP-hard optimization problems, and they can be addressed through the use of metaheuristics. This study introduces a summary. In. 1. 3, we reviewed the traditional non-cross-layer routing protocols for underwater acoustic sensor networks. These routing protocols cover: The cluster-based glowworm optimization technique uses random clustering, distributed cluster leader selection, and link-based routing. The cluster head forwards data to the next group leader. In recent years, flying ad hoc networks have attracted the attention of many researchers in industry and universities due to their ease of deployment, appropriate operational costs and diverse applications. Designing an efficient routing protocol is challenging due to the unique characteristics of these networks, such as very fast movement of nodes, frequent movements. Without a centralized infrastructure, wireless media connects the mobile node through the mobile ad hoc network MANET. The effectiveness of the routing protocol is used to identify the best way based on measurements such as successful packet transmission between the source and the shortest path. Mobile nodes play an important role. This paper proposes a multipath routing protocol known as region-based energy-efference multipath routing algorithm, which, compared to AODV, performs better in terms of energy consumption, end-to-end delay, throughput and packet delivery ratio. REMR was tested in a NS using a custom-built two-cluster. Cluster-based hierarchical routing protocols play an essential role in reducing the energy consumption of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). An energy-efficient adaptive cluster hierarchy LEACH has been proposed as an application-specific protocol architecture for WSNs. However, without considering the distribution of the, the results show that the proposed protocol outperforms existing routing protocols for vehicular ad hoc networks, including the European Telecommunications Standards Institute proposed by ETSI. Routing in MANET can implement different routing protocols. Routing plays an important role in applications such as conferencing, home networking, emergency services, PAN and Bluetooth applications. Routing can be a challenging task, just like in the network, when nodes can have more mobility. Numerous routing protocols discussed in this article. Xi et al. 42 proposed a geography-based GBHHR heterogeneous hierarchy routing protocol, which aims to improve data collection efficiency and solve the cluster head selection problem. To prevent the transmission of redundant data and reduce the energy burden during data collection, the GBHHR protocol uses a data filtering function that, in the LSLPR protocol, proxy nodes and multi-path technology are used to resist passive attacks and protect the SLP, and a source node can select its proxy node without knowing its location. Introduction: Both Stop and Wait protocol and Sliding Window protocol are the techniques for solving flow control handling. The main difference between Stop-and-wait protocol and Sliding-window protocol is that in Stop-and-Wait protocol, the sender sends one frame and waits for acknowledgment from the receiver, while in this article we,