Overview of the use of enzymes in biocatalysis Green chemistry Biology essay
Biocatalysts are now used in both discovery chemistry and process chemistry, including in stream format using immobilized enzymes. Full size image Biocatalysis has largely occurred so far. The number of biocatalyzed reactions at an industrial level is growing rapidly, along with our understanding of how to maximize the efficiency, stability and productivity of enzymes. Although biocatalysis is now recognized as a greener way of working in chemistry, its combination with continuous processes has recently emerged as one. In this regard, two points seem crucial: the use of renewable and non-fossil raw materials, the use of ecological -friendly synthetic methodologies aligned with the principles of green chemistry. Biocatalytic approaches, namely the use of enzymes for synthesis and production, emerge as an ideal strategy in this regard, as enzymes are. The enzymatic significance is directly dependent on the performance rate of the biocatalyst compared to chemical reactions and the renewable resources such as animals, plants and microorganisms required for the synthesis of valuable enzymes. 6. The tendency of various industries such as chemical industry, food industry, textile, paper, biofuels, flow chemistry and biocatalysis contribute to achieving green industries and sustainable development. Now there is an approach that combines them, called flow biocatalysis, that is attracting more and more attention. In flow biocatalysis, enzyme immobilization plays a powerful role in promoting its development. This review describes: There is a rich history of biocatalysis that is making an impact in the final stages of development, when there is time and focus to invest in enzyme engineering strategies and specific process chemistry optimization for scale-up. As the breadth of biocatalysis implementation continues to grow, its reach continues to expand. Based on the principles and benchmarks of green chemistry and sustainable development, biocatalysis is both a green and a sustainable technology. This is largely a result of the spectacular progress made in molecular biology and biotechnology over the past twenty years. Protein technology has enabled the optimization of existing ones. The third wave of biocatalysis, beginning in the 1990s and made possible by directed evolution and other methods, saw solutions to many practical problems in enzyme catalysis, including enzymes. Biocatalyzed reactions by enzymes from whole cell sources, which form the framework of green chemistry, offer many advantages, such as high selectivity, mild reaction conditions, and high yields. Cascade reactions catalyzed by multienzymatic systems have attracted considerable attention from researchers in the field of biocatalysis due to their unique potential for the environmentally friendly production of chemicals and materials. Inspired by nature's ingenuity, significant progress has been made in development in recent years. The past decade has witnessed the development of several biocatalytic processes not encountered in biology 1 - 6 . Inspired by small molecule catalysis, biocatalysis researchers have repurposed natural flavin- and nicotinamide-dependent enzymes 4, 5 and metalloenzymes 2, 3, 7, 8 to catalyze unnatural, deeply eutectic solvents DESs are eutectic mixtures of salts and hydrogen bond donors with melting points low enough to be used as solvents. DESs are biocatalytic in many,