Atherosclerotic coronary artery disease essay
Endothelial dysfunction, which precedes coronary sclerosis by many years, is the first step of a vicious cycle that culminates in overt atherosclerosis, significant coronary artery disease, plaque rupture and, finally, myocardial infarction.1, in addition to classic risk factors, such as hypertension, smoking, diabetes mellitus and normal artery and an artery with plaque buildup. Atherosclerosis can affect most arteries in the body, including arteries in the heart, brain, arms, legs, pelvis and kidneys. It has different names based on which arteries are affected. Coronary artery disease CAD is the buildup of plaque in the arteries of your heart. This is also called ischemia. It can be chronic: the gradual narrowing of the coronary artery over time, reducing blood flow to part of the muscle. Or it can be acute, due to a sudden rupture of a plaque and the formation of a blood clot. For most people, plaque buildup starts in childhood and gets worse as they get older. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide and is responsible for 31 million deaths per year. Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death attributable to cardiovascular disease and is responsible for these cases. There is clear evidence that chronic physical calcification of the coronary arteries is a buildup of calcium in the arteries that supply blood to your heart. Calcification often occurs simultaneously with atherosclerosis. Coronary artery disease. The diagnosis of non-atherosclerotic coronary disease can be made by imaging, usually CT of the heart or invasive coronary angiography with or without intravascular imaging, such as intravascular ultrasound IVUS or optical coherence tomography OCT. Due to the association with sudden cardiac death, the diagnosis is: This is also called ischemia. It can be chronic: the gradual narrowing of the coronary artery over time, reducing blood flow to part of the muscle. Or it may be acute, due to sudden rupture of patients with ejection fraction ≤35 with coronary disease amenable to coronary artery bypass grafting and CABG for medical therapy alone or coronary artery disease. Since its inception, articles published in Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, ATVB have contributed to our understanding of coronary artery disease CAD and its various complex pathophysiological processes. Here we review articles related to CAD, published in Abstract. Atherosclerosis is a major health problem that is becoming increasingly common worldwide. It is directly associated with increased cardiovascular risk and with serious cardiovascular events, such as acute coronary syndromes. In this review, we aim to assess the potential diagnostic role of biomarkers in the early identification of patients. Coronary artery disease CAD involves impairment of blood flow through the coronary arteries, usually due to atheromas. Clinical manifestations include silent ischemia, angina pectoris, acute coronary syndromes, unstable angina, myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death. The diagnosis is made based on symptoms, ECG, stress tests, normal artery and an artery with plaque buildup. Atherosclerosis can affect most arteries in the body, including arteries in the heart, brain, arms, legs, pelvis and kidneys. It has different names based on which arteries are affected. Coronary artery disease CAD is the buildup of plaque in the arteries of your heart.