Outline of human papillomavirus biology essay
As the main etiological agents of cervical cancer, human papillomaviruses HPVs must deliver their genetic material into the nucleus of the target cell. The viral capsid has evolved to fulfill several roles that are crucial for establishing viral infection. The particle interacts with the cell surface via interaction of the major capsid protein. In the early stages of cancer, the cells of the basal layer become infected, and if this continues, the HPV genome survives as a nuclear extrachromosomal episome by suppressing the viral oncoproteins E E7 and following a gradual basal cellular differentiation. In addition, basal cellularity migrates towards the higher epithelial layers.1. Cancer of the oropharynx caused by the human papillomavirus. In Great Britain, the age-standardized incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma OPSCC has tripled in men and doubled in women. Similar trends have been reported in the United States, USA and other parts of the world. HPVs infect human papillomaviruses. Epithelial cells and their replication cycle are intimately linked to epithelial differentiation. Several HPV genotypes have been identified to date and each exhibits strict tissue specificity for infection. HPV infection can result in a range of benign lesions, for example warts on the feet. These mechanisms include human papillomavirus infection, cellular tropism, genetic predisposition to cervical cancer CaCU, viral load, viral physical state, regulation of epigenetic mechanisms, loss of E function, deregulated expression of E6 E, regulation of protein function of the host cell, and acquisition, productive infection, and virus synthesis occur in the differentiated layers of the epithelium. In low-risk alpha HPV types, migration of the infected basal cell to the suprabasal layers is associated with cell cycle exit. Although suprabasal cell cycle exit is also evident in some low-grade lesions caused by high-risk HPV types, such as infections, 1. Introduction. Human papillomavirus HPV infection, one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases, is associated with cancers such as cervical cancer, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC), and anal cancer 1,2,3. To date, more HPV types have been identified 4.5. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, HPV infections are mainly transmitted in head and neck cancers, HPV-attributable cancers, or in oropharyngeal cancers reported in more developed countries. A study involving samples of countries found that the proportion attributable to HPV per subsite was abstract. Recent next-generation sequencing studies have provided a comprehensive overview of the genomic landscape of Human Papillomavirus HPV-associated cancers. This review summarizes these findings to provide insight into the tumor biology of these cancers and potential therapeutic options for HPV-driven cancers. Prominent factors include infectious agents, such as tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus, Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis viruses, Helicobacter pylori, and human papillomavirus HPV, which. A significant amount of research has been conducted on the role of the human papillomavirus HPV in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer, with particular emphasis on the oncogenic proteins E5, E6, and E7. What is less well researched, however, is the relationship between cervical cancer and the herpes simplex virus HSV. Research so far has shown that.